Linux Tips

Ubuntu always keeps the old kernel even after installing a new kernel. This is done just in case the new one doesn’t work well for you. Now if you don't want the old kernels anymore then use the command below to remove the old kernel which you wish to remove. $ sudo apt-get remove --purge 2.6.28-11 * replace 2.6.28-11 with the version you wish to remove. Hope this helps...

Network load balancing is now a key feature that is required for all enterprises, especially financial companies. This capability balances network sessions like web, email, etc over multiple connections in order to spread out the amount of bandwidth used by each LAN user, thus increasing the total amount of bandwidth available. Additionally, network load balancing is commonly used to provide network redundancy so that in the event of a WAN link outage, access to network resources is still available via the secondary links. Inbound Load Balancing operates by processing traffic activity from remote users who are requesting information from your local network. Multiple communication channels are utilized for increased bandwidth to accommodate numerous sessions by remote users accessing the network and retrieving requested information. Most networks with Load Balancing capabilities benefit their local users when processing outbound information requests. This setup, inversely is known as

when you type sudo command for the first time in a terminal it will ask you the sudo password. This password will be remembered by that terminal for 15 minutes by default. If you want terminal to ask for password each time you type sudo command just do as said below. 1. Type at terminal sudo visudo 2. Edit as shown below Change Defaults env_reset to Defaults env_reset,timestamp_timeout=0

when you type sudo command for the first time in a terminal it will ask you the sudo password. This password will be remembered by that terminal for 15 minutes by default. If you want that terminal to remember your password for ever during its life time follow these steps. 1. Type at terminal sudo visudo 2. Edit as shown below Change Defaults env_reset to Defaults env_reset,timestamp_timeout=-1

If you want to reinstall and reconfigure all packages in your Ubuntu just type the following command in terminal. sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a

Ubuntu includes a very limited shortcut key configuration utility which doesn't allow you to assign hotkeys to your own applications or scripts. To get around this limitation, we can use the built-in gconf-editor utility to assign them ourselves. First you'll want to load up gconf-editor by typing it into the Alt+F2 Run dialog. Once in the application, navigate to the following key. apps \ metacity \ keybinding_commands You'll notice a bunch of values on the right. These are the available commands that you can create for assigning to shortcut keys in the next step. Double-click on command_1 and enter in the full path to your script or executable that you are trying to run. (Note that you can use the which command from the shell to find the path most of the time) Now navigate to the key "global_keybindings", which is directly above the one we were on. Here you will want to select run_command_1. Enter in the shortcut key in plain text. For instance, f

Google has releases Chrome beta for Linux. Download 32 bit Download 64 bit

Google released a beta version of Chrome for Linux and browser extensions for users of beta and developer builds. The final step for Chrome on Linux will be to be released on what Google calls the stable channel, as opposed to the beta and developer channels. Google's design goals for Chrome, which represents the foundation of the company's forthcoming Chrome OS, remain focused on speed, stability, and security. As an example, Chrome isolates each browser tab so that buggy Web page code will only crash the tab and not the entire browser. Chrome's multiprocess architecture is also a way to protect users from poorly coded or malicious extensions. Download and install it from here

The df utility displays statistics about the amount of free disk space on the specified file system or on the file system of which file is a part. Values are displayed in 512-byte per block counts. If neither a file or a file system operand is specified, statistics for all mounted file systems are displayed. Use df -h to see the output "Human-readable" output. Uses unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte. # df -h Example: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 19G 14G 4.0G 78% / tmpfs 501M 0 501M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 48K 10M 1% /dev tmpfs 501M 0 501M 0% /dev/shm

Utube Ripper is an application written in Gambas that works exclusively on Linux. It's useful to download and convert Youtube videos in a simple and efficient way. You can also convert them into a non-flash format. You can use the "Rip audio only" option to extract audio from a YouTube video and can convert into an MP3 format. Download and install 1. Download the binary from here and run it to install on any linux machine. 2. Select the binary specific for your Linux Distro from here. Visit project home page Here

"Never use rewritable discs for long-term storage." — Library of US Congress Website "Storage media such as compact discs and DVDs that were thought to last, don't — they often fail within a few years." The inventor of the Cranberry DiamonDisc, has eliminated all the failure points in DVD technology. The result is a diamond-like DVD that will last for centuries and is not susceptible to failure. The Cranberry DiamonDisc has no adhesive layers, dye layer or reflective layer to deteriorate. A high-intensity laser physically etches your information into the diamond-like surface of our synthetic stone disc. No other layer is needed. The format is the same as any other DVD. We changed only the materials and construction of the physical disc. And the Cranberry DiamonDisc is fully backwards-compatible. This means that it can be read by any DVD player in any computer and is fully platform-independent. A Cranberry DiamonDisc is transparent. You can see right thr

Use two simple commands to convert a protected pdf into an unprotected pdf. Here in this example i assume the protected pdf file name to be 'protected.pdf'. Now open your terminal and type. $ pdftops protected.pdf out.ps $ pstopdf out.ps out.pdf The out.pdf will be your unprotected PDF. If you don't have pstopdf and pdftops installed then type this at terminal to install them. $ sudo apt-get install context

Ubuntu Netbook Remix is a custom user interface for the popular Ubuntu Linux distribution designed to play well with laptops with small screens. Instead of dealing with a panel and a series of drop down menus, Ubuntu Netbook Edition has a series of categories on the left side. Click on Accessories, Games, Internet, Office, or another category to bring up a series of large icons for accessing the associated programs and settings. It’s also tweaked with optimizations for Intel Atom processors. According to this blueprint , folks at Canonical are getting ready to help " Ubuntu Netbook Remix " change to " Ubuntu Netbook Edition " status. It seems that the they have removed the blueprint. Here is the link to the cached copy by google . It says " Ubuntu Netbook Remix has now been a part of the Ubuntu cycle for two releases now, and it should drop the Remix, and become Ubuntu Netbook Edition . This spec is about what changes are needed to enable that.&q

Go is an open source project, distributed under a BSD-style license . This document explains how to check out the sources, build them on your own machine, and run them. First of all you need to set some Environment variables The Go compilation environment depends on three environment variables that you should set in your .bashrc or equivalent, plus one optional variable: $GOROOT The root of the Go tree. Typically this is $HOME/go but it can be any directory. $GOOS and $GOARCH The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture. Choices for $GOOS are linux, darwin (Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6), and nacl (Native Client, an incomplete port). Choices for $GOARCH are amd64 (64-bit x86, the most mature port), 386 (32-bit x86), and arm (32-bit ARM, an incomplete port). The valid combinations are linux/amd64, linux/arm, linux/386, darwin/amd64, darwin/386, and nacl/386. $GOBIN (optional) The location where binaries will be installed. If you set $GOBIN, you need to

 These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Download the skype for fedora 12 from here http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-fc10

You might have had experience with your ubuntu system hang up due to some applications (this happens sometimes with Firefox and some games). You can actually login to one of your other terminals and stop the applications which is causing problems. 1. Use Alt + Ctrl and any function key F1 through F7. Where F7 is the default xwindows terminal. 2. Log in and then use the command "top" from the command line to find the process id (pid) of the frozen or run away application which is causing problems. $ top 3. After finding the pid number, type $ kill -kill PID (where PID is the process id of the application). Now go back to terminal 7 with "Alt+Ctrl+F7" to find the troublesome application gone.

Google have been working on a particularly interesting project that combines Google Maps and search technology - they have been trying to work out if our search query in Google Maps means we are interested in having current real estate listings returned to us. Now, simply searching for "real estate" on google maps will return, well, real estate ( try it )! You could also try " homes for sale sydney " or " homes for rent adelaide ". Or while you're at it, check out " apartments for sale brisbane ", or " homes for rent near perth ". The idea is to make it really easy for you guys - you tell us what you want, and we get it back to you! Of course, we'll continue to work to return the best results for all your Google Maps queries, whether you're looking for local businesses, geographic features, or your perfect home. For more info see  http://google-au.blogspot.com/2009/11/making-it-easier-to-find-property-you.html

These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Get your Skype for OpenSUSE from here OpenSUSE 11+ For other Linux distros see  http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/

These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Get your Skype for fedora from here Fedora 9   Fedora 10+ For other Linux distros see  http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/

These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Get your Skype for Ubuntu from here Ubuntu 8.04   Ubuntu 8.10+ 32-bit   Ubuntu 8.10+ 64-bit For Ubuntu 9.04 and 9.10 you can use the versions for 8.10. For other Linux distros see  http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/

These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Get your Skype for debian Lenny from here http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-deb For other Linux distros see  http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/

These are the Requirements specified by Skype on Linux Beta  Hardware requirements 1 Ghz processor or faster. 256 MB RAM. 20 MB free disk space on your hard drive. Microphone and speakers or headset. Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for voice calls). Video card driver with Xv support. Software requirements Qt 4.2.1+ D-Bus 1.0.0 libasound2 1.0.12 PulseAudio 0.9.10+ (optional) PulseAudio 0.9.15+ (optional recommended) Technical details Version 2.1.0.47 Get you Skype from Here http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/  

GNOME 3.0 will be released in September 2010, and in the meantime, they will release GNOME 2.30 in March 2010, continuing their long-standing tradition of six-months releases. Note that this release date for 3.0 doesn't mean that 2.30 will be less stable than usual. On the contrary, this will help them integrate the changes that are ready for 2.30 , while leaving the parts that are still rough on the edges outside of GNOME , as used daily by the users, until after 2.30 is out. This will solidify both 2.30 and 3.0 releases. The idea of doing GNOME 3.0 was first seriously discussed in 2008, before focus areas were defined in 2009, alongside a plan to reach 3.0 . Those focus areas include revamping the user experience, streamlining the platform and improving the promotion of GNOME . Compared to GNOME 3.0 , GNOME 2.30 will see the iterative improvements and bug fixes that people have now come to expect from our 2.x branch, in addition to some preliminary work needed for G

GNOME 2.28 is the latest version of the GNOME Desktop: a popular, multi-platform desktop environment for your computer. GNOME's focus is ease of use, stability, and first-class internationalization and accessibility support. GNOME is Free and Open Source Software and provides all of the common tools computer users expect of a modern computing environment, such as email, groupware, web browsing, file management, multimedia, and games. Furthermore, GNOME provides a flexible and powerful platform for software developers, both on the desktop and in mobile applications. The GNOME Desktop is released every six months and contains many new features, improvements, bug fixes, and translations. GNOME 2.28 continues this tradition. GNOME 2.28 includes all of the improvements made in GNOME 2.26 and earlier. What's New For Users 1 . GNOME 2.28 includes the first release of the GNOME Bluetooth module to help users manage their Bluetooth devices. GNOME Bluetooth supports hundreds of

L I N U X P O L L How do you pronounce "Linux" Lee-nooks Lie-nuks Lin-ucks Lin-icks Current Results There are three common pronunciations of Linux. All three are quite acceptable. The only proper pronunciation is the one used by Linus Torvalds himself . The name Linux is a derivative of his name, and thus is pronounced like his name. Linus pronounces his name "Lee-noos", so Linux is properly pronounced "Lee-nooks".  A linguistically acceptable pronunciation is based on the Anglicized pronunciation of Linus, which is "Lie-nus". Hence, an acceptable Anglicized pronunciation of Linux is "Lie-nuks". However, there is a third common pronunciation of Linux, which is "Lin-icks" (or sometimes "Lin-ucks"). This pronunciation has no basis as a linguistic derivative. It does, however, sound more like "Unix", which is probably the reason it came about.

You can find many applications for windows to play many kind of codecs. Some of the windows applications are windows media player, real player, vlc, mplayer Ubuntu equivalent : vlc, mplayer, helix player To have Ubuntu playing all kinds of stuff, you need to install many codecs. Add the new repository and update your system. $ sudo wget  http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1402212/karmic.sources.list  --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/full.list $   sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 2EBC26B60C5A2783 0DA7581859566E92 D739676F7613768D 43BB102C405A15CB 6AF0E1940624A220 2ED6BB6042C24D89 632D16BB0C713DA6 A6DCF7707EBC211F F9A2F76A9D1A0061 5A9BF3BB4E5E17B5 A040830F7FAC5991 FA3A1271 7FB8BEE0A1F196A8 0CC1223EE2314809 7889D725DA6DEEAA 28A8205077558DD0 2D79F61BE8D31A30 6E871C4A881574DE 66D5C734F6EFB904 DCF9F87B6DFBCBAE 2A8E3034D018A4CE F0876AC9 978228591BD3A65C 6298AD34413576CB FC6D7D9D009ED615 4FEC45DD06899068 2A423FD95416E75D $ sudo apt-get update  &&  su

A larger casper-rw loop file is particularly useful for those who have performed a linux install to a large thumb drive using a Windows USB tutorial and need more persistent storage space for saving changes. The default casper-rw loop file might be low. Boot from the Live CD and then (once the system is up and running) insert the USB drive that contains your Linux install and small casper-rw. Creating a NEW larger casper-rw loop file The following method will create a NEW casper-rw file that will replace the old one. If you want to resize an existing image see the next section. 1. After you have booted up and running in Linux, insert the flash drive that contains your casper-rw loop file 2. Now open up a terminal 3. Type the following into the terminal window and press enter dd if=/dev/zero of=casper-rw bs=1M count= 1024 (replacing 1024 with the "size in MB" you wish to use for saving changes persistently) 4. Type the following into the terminal and press ent

After installing skype 2.1 in your ubuntu 9.10 you might have seen that there is only one option in skype's audio properties: "pulse audio server" and Nothing else.  But most of you might had used "HDA Intel hd:0" option in their previous versions and it was working. To solve this problem you will just need to install "padevchooser" on your Ubuntu. 'pavechooser' will help you configure your Pulseaudio and select the proper Mic input. Install it via command line or synaptic. Or get it from here  http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/sound/padevchooser Or try installing the skype version 2.0 and select "HD Intel (hw:0)" option. Download the version 2.0 from  http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-debian_2.0.0.72-1_i386.deb If you have already installed Skype 2.1 you will have to uninstall skype-common via synaptic, as well as skype, or else the Skype 2.0 package will not install via GDebi.

Most current video multimedia players play many video formats, including the Flash video .flv format. MPlayer Multimedia Player Mplayer is a video player with a wide range of formats supported (including RealMedia and Windows-codecs) and a wide variety of outputs. sudo apt-get install mplayer SMPlayer SMPlayer is an enhanced frontend for MPlayer. sudo apt-get install smplayer Dump a video stream to disc You can dump a video stream to disc using Mplayer: mplayer -dumpstream streamurl VLC Multimedia Player VLC is a cross-platform multimedia player that supports many formats without need for additional codecs. It can not only receive video streams (also see here to convert it to mp4), but can act as a server for video streams, as well. It is one of the only players that can view and backup almost any DVD format, no matter which copy protection is used. See these tips for using VLC to backup/rip encrypted DVDs. sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-pulse VLC plugins There

Follows the steps below to play DVD in your ubuntu 9.10 karmic Koala 1. Become root $ sudo su - 2. Add medibuntu repositories to your sources.list. # wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/karmic.list --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list Now add the GPG Key: # apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update 3.Update your system. # apt-get update 4. Now install the libdvdcss library. # apt-get install libdvdcss2 # cd /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/ # ./install-css.sh

The two methods  below doesn't work now. Please see http://blog.dipinkrishna.info/2009/11/how-to-download-and-install-skype-for_3060.html for a successfull installation of skype on ubuntu. I have provided two methods. Please do comment which one is successful. Follow these steps to install skype in ubuntu 9.10 (64 bit).         First add:             deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ karmic free non-free         to your source.list Now open a terminal and type: $ sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list Then do an update: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get --yes -q --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring $ sudo apt-get -q update And finally install Skype. $ sudo apt-get install skype Ready ... now start skype with $ skype OR Download the setup 32 -bit 64 -bit Launch the Skype install .deb file (just double click it) and follow the on screen prompts. (To start Skype  at system st

Seahorse is a GNOME application for managing encryption keys. It also integrates with nautilus, gedit and other places for encryption operations. With seahorse you can... Create and manage PGP keys Create and manage SSH keys Publish and retrieve keys from key servers Cache your passphrase so you don't have to keep typing it Backup your keys and keyring more... You can quickly secure confidential files by using Seahorse. Here is how. Install Seahorse: sudo apt-get install seahorse-plugins Then restart Nautilus: killall nautilus && nautilus & After the installation, go to System > Accessories > Passwords and Encryption Keys and select File > New > PGP Key , Then enter your name, email. You may also change the encryption method (or just leave the default option) and the encryption key length, but be aware that the longer the key, the more it will take to secure a file (but obviously, the file will be more secure). When u finis

Google is giving web masters access to the malicious code it finds in their web pages. If the Google bot detects malicious code when indexing a web page, search results pointing to this page will be tagged with an appropriate warning. Website operators can now use the Webmaster Tools to access detailed information about the affected code and trace a problem more quickly. To do gain access to these tools web masters must first validate their web presence by associating it with a Google account. Google points out that the presented malicious code can only serve as a starting point for a comprehensive web page or server decontamination process. Removing the suspect code without closing the security hole that allowed it to be injected into a system will probably result in a re-infection. Another new feature in the Webmaster Tools is "Fetch as Googlebot", which presents the content of a page the way it is seen by Google. The information available there, for example concerning a

Google has released its Stressful Application Test , known by its Unix name as stressapptest. According to Google, Stressful Application Test, which has been used inside the company for sometime, can be used for memory stress testing, hardware qualification and debugging, memory interface tests and disk testing. The test attempts to create realistic high load situations by maximizing randomised traffic to memory from processor and I/O. The developers advise users that running stressapptest on a live system "could cause other applications to become extremely slow or unresponsive". More details about the Stressful Application Test can be found in the Introduction and User Guide . Stressful Application Test 1.0.0 is available to download from Google Code and is released under version 2.0 of the Apache License . An installation guide is also available. Original post: http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Google-releases-memory-stress-test-tool-832987.html

This can be achieved by using the ultra-lightweight text-based BitTorrent client "rTorrent". If you are using Ubuntu, you can install rTorrent via Synaptic Package Manager, or with this command: $ sudo apt-get install rtorrent You can also get rTorrent HERE . Now, we will start using rTorrent. But first, download a '.torrent' file. You can download it through this command: $ rtorrent filename.torrent By default the downloads (finished and unfinished) will be saved in your home directory. See this post for more info.

PhotoRec is file data recovery software designed to recover lost files including video, documents and archives from Hard Disks and CDRom and lost pictures (thus, its 'Photo Recovery' name) from digital camera memory. PhotoRec ignores the filesystem and goes after the underlying data, so it will still work even if your media's filesystem has been severely damaged or re-formatted. For more safety, PhotoRec uses read-only access to handle the drive or memory support you are about to recover lost data from. Important: As soon as a pic or file is accidentally deleted, or you discover any missing, do NOT save any more pics or files to that memory device or hard disk drive; otherwise you may overwrite your lost data. This means that even using PhotoRec, you must not choose to write the recovered files to the same partition they were stored on. FAT, NTFS, ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems store files in data blocks (also called clusters under Windows). The cluster or block size remains at

You can create .deb file of any installed package on your system. For this you will need the package dpkg-repack. So install this package by: apt-get install dpkg-repack  Now run by typing dpkg-repack at terminal To generate a .deb file of rhythmbox, type this at terminal: sudo  dpkg-repack rhythmbox This will create a .deb file in the directory where you are running the command.

The attempt to copy the entire disk image using cp may omit the final block if it is an unexpected length; dd will always complete the copy if possible. We can use the dd command to create an ISO disk image of a CD or DVD. dd if= /dev/cdrom of= /home/dipin/mydisk.iso bs=2048 conv=sync,notrunc change /dev/cdrom and /home/dipin/mydisk.iso as per your needs. The attempt to copy the entire disk image using cp may omit the final block if it is an unexpected length; dd will always complete the copy if possible. Note that notrunc means do not truncate the output file.

Using dd to duplicate one hard disk partition to another hard disk: dd if= /dev/sda2 of= /dev/sdb2 bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror Replace /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb2 with your partitios. Note that notrunc means do not truncate the output file. Noerror means to keep going if there is an error.

DNS hosting service is a service that runs Domain Name System servers. Most, but not all, domain name registrars include DNS hosting service with registration. Free DNS hosting services also exist. Many third-party DNS hosting services provide Dynamic DNS. DNS hosting service is better when the provider has multiple servers in various geographic locations that minimize latency for clients around the world. DNS can also be self-hosted by running DNS software on generic Internet hosting services. A number of sites offer free DNS hosting, either for second level domains registered with registrars which do not offer free (or sufficiently flexible) DNS service, or as third level domains (selection.somedomain.com). These services generally also offer Dynamic DNS. Free DNS typically includes facilities to manage A, MX, CNAME, TXT and NS records of the domain zone. In many cases the free services can be upgraded with various premium services. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_hosting_se

A dedicated server is a single computer in a network reserved for serving the needs of the network. For example, some networks require that one computer be set aside to manage communications between all the other computers. A dedicated server could also be a computer that manages printer resources. Note, however, that not all servers are dedicated. In some networks, it is possible for a computer to act as a server and perform other functions as well. A dedicated hosting service , dedicated server , or managed hosting service is a type of Internet hosting in which the client leases an entire server not shared with anyone. This is more flexible than shared hosting, as organizations have full control over the server(s), including choice of operating system, hardware, etc. Server administration can usually be provided by the hosting company as an add-on service. In some cases a dedicated server can offer less overhead and a larger return on investment. Dedicated servers are most often hou

You can create and Modify ISO9660 files (iso images) graphicaly in ubuntu by using an open source Linux application ISO Master Features: 1. Create an ISO image from scratch. 2. Add or remove files and directories to a CD iso image. 3. Make bootable CDs 4. Support for Rock Ridge and Joliet file names. ISO Master can read .ISO files (ISO9660, Joliet, RockRidge, and El Torito), most NERO .NRG files, and some single-track .MDF files. $ sudo apt-get install isomaster

Installing some common fonts. There are a number of very common fonts, which you can install through APT/Synaptic, including the Microsoft TrueType core fonts (e.g. Arial Black, Times New Roman). Before installing, make sure you enable the extra repositories, (If your not sure how to do this please see: Repositories/Ubuntu ). Install the fonts: $ sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts texlive-fonts-extra Installing Other fonts You can also use many other fonts, like those downloaded from dafont.com . There are two options when installing: one to install them for a Single User , this means that only this user can use them, or installing them for System Wide use, so that every user on the system can use the fonts. Single User: Once you have downloaded and unpacked your font files (.ttf, .TTF) , you will need to create a ~/.fonts if it doesn't exist. $ mkdir ~/.fonts Copy the font files to the .font directory: $ cp *.ttf ~/.fonts $ cp *.TTF ~/.fonts Now we need tell the system about the

Swiftfox is an optimized Mozilla Firefox which has different builds depending on your processor which makes it much faster than the normal Firefox because that's compiled to work for everybody, but not optimized for a specific processor architecture. Take a look at this chart and see which Swiftfox version is best suited for your computer based on your processor. Install Swiftfox in Ubuntu / Debian? Ubuntu (and all Debian based distribution) users will be pleased to know that it even comes with a repository which you can add by issuing the following command in a terminal: sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://getswiftfox.com/builds/debian unstable non-free' >> /etc/apt/sources.list" and then, to install Swiftfox: apt-get update apt-get install swiftfox-xxxxxxx I for instance, have an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, so I have to install the Prescott version: apt-get update && apt-get install swiftfox-prescott Install Swiftfox on other Linux distributions? If you

To install the latest Firefox 3.5 (final) or Firefox 3.6 in Ubuntu , open a terminal and type: sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa/ubuntu jaunty main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list" sudo sh -c "echo 'deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa/ubuntu jaunty main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list" Then add the Launchpad PPA GPG key: sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 247510BE And finally, install Firefox 3.5 or 3.6 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install firefox-3.5 or sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install firefox-3.6 If you already have a version of Firefox 3.5 installed from a repo then upgrade it: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade courtesy: http://webupd8.blogspot.com/2009/06/firefox-35-rc-1-ubuntu-repository-deb.html

Want to quickly set the route for your machine from the terminal. Start by opening up a terminal window, and type the following, just make sure you have the ip address of your gateway to do so. route add default gw IP ADDRESS eth0 We can see our changes by typing: route -n

The Lubuntu project (Ubuntu based on LXDE) just published it's first ISO . LXDE is a very lightweight and minimal desktop environment using the openbox window manager, the PcManFM file manager, and a very select list of default applications. It is compatible with basic freedesktop standards and all needed parts are already packaged in Ubuntu today. Lubuntu is based on Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) and these are some of the applications that come with it: · Linux Kernel 2.6.31 RC8 · Openbox 3.4.7.2 · Firefox 3.5.2 · Pidgin 2.5.8 · Aqualung R-1061 · Xfburn 0.4.2 The final version is planned to be synchronized with the Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala, and is scheduled for the 29th of October, 2009.

Want to back up files and documents on your laptop or desktop PC to a server? Assuming both machines run Linux, you can do that with just one command. First, install SSH server on the server and rsync on your machine. Open then the terminal on your machine and run the following command: rsync --progress -avhe ssh --delete /path/to/local/dir user@host:/path/to/remote/dir Replace user with the name of the existing user on the server and host with the IP address of the server. Using your server to serve files also requires only one command. Start with installing the sshfs package on your machine. sshfs user@host:/path/to/dir /mountpoint -o idmap=user -o uid=1000 -o gid=1000 Replace user with the name of the existing user on the server and host with the IP address of the server Once the directory has been mounted, you can use the files in it as they were on your own machine. To unmount the directory, use the fusermount command as follows: fusermount -u /mountpoint

Using the following command, you can check your unread messages in gmail, from terminal: $ curl -u username --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if / /; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/\1>/;' replace username with your gmail username. This command will promt for your password, enter it and view your unread in your gmail account .

SystemRescueCd is a Linux system rescue disk available as a bootable CD-ROM or USB stick for administrating or repairing your system and data after a crash. It aims to provide an easy way to carry out admin tasks on your computer, such as creating and editing the partitions of the hard disk. It comes with a lot of linux software such as system tools (parted, partimage, fstools, ...) and basic tools (editors, midnight commander, network tools). It can be used to perform admin tasks on both Linux and Windows. Download Link : Download - SystemRescueCd

LuckyBackup is a backup and sync application running on Linux and Mac OSX, powered by the rsync tool. It is simple to use, fast (transfers over only changes made and not all data), safe (keeps your data safe by checking all declared directories before proceeding in any data manipulation ), reliable and fully customizable. Installing luckyBackup : Ubuntu Linux users: open a terminal and paste the following commands to add the luckyBackup PPA repository. sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 62E44DBB echo "deb Index of /luckybackup-maintainers/ppa/ubuntu `lsb_release -sc` main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources Then install luckyBackup: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install luckybackup

The Network Time Protocol (NTP ) is a protocol for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP uses UDP port 123 as its transport layer. It is designed particularly to resist the effects of variable latency. NTP sometimes greatly slows down your Ubuntu’s boot time. To disable it just do a simple code... sudo apt-get remove ntpdate

If you want to have Flash support in Google Crome, the Linux version, you can enable it like this: Make a plugins directory in the Google Chrome folder sudo mkdir /opt/google/chrome/plugins cd to it cd /opt/google/chrome/plugins make a link from Firefox’s Flash Player plugin into the newly created folder sudo ln -s ~/.mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so Now launch the browser with this command: google-chrome --enable-plugins

You you have alloted a low space while installing, or you have upgraded your RAM, or you think you need some more swap space then what will you do. You can go to the partion table make make changes, but this can cause many problems. Instead you can just make a file and assign it to the swap. Just follow these steps for that. 1. Determine the size of the new swap file in megabytes and multiply by 1024 to determine the number of blocks. For example, the block size of a 1024 MB swap file is 1048576 . 2. Lets make a zero’d file for the swap using dd. At a shell prompt as root, type the following command with count being equal to the desired block size: dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1048576 2. Make the file as a swap file. Setup the swap file with the command: mkswp /swapfile 3. Activate swapfile. To enable the swap file immediately but not automatically at boot time: swapon /swapfile 4. Verify that our swapfile has been activated swapon -s or by viewing the output